Mitigasi Risiko Penggunaan PGPR pada Usahatani Bawang Merah di Kabupaten Nganjuk Indonesia

Authors

Keywords:

biofertilizer adoption, organic farming, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, risk assessment models, sustainable agriculture

Abstract

The adoption of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in Indonesia remains limited, despite their potential to improve crop productivity and reduce dependence on synthetic inputs in intensive shallot production systems. This study aims to identify and prioritize the key risk sources that impede PGPR adoption and to formulate institution-oriented mitigation strategies. The research was conducted in Nganjuk Regency, East Java, using the House of Risk (HOR) framework to characterize risk events, link them to their causal agents, and derive a hierarchy of preventive actions based on their Aggregate Risk Potential. The results reveal that the most influential risks arise from institutional and behavioral dimensions rather than from the technical aspects of PGPR application. Weak institutional support, limited technical assistance during the transition phase, and inadequate dissemination of scientific information were identified as the primary factors shaping farmers’ perceptions of uncertainty and adoption decisions. Technical considerations related to product formulation or field performance exerted comparatively lower influence on the overall risk structure. Based on the prioritization outcomes, three mitigation directions are highlighted: strengthening cross-institutional coordination to ensure coherent support mechanisms, enhancing the capacity and engagement of extension officers to facilitate knowledge transfer, and establishing participatory learning platforms that allow farmers to observe and validate PGPR performance under local conditions. These measures are expected to reduce perceived uncertainty and create enabling conditions for more consistent uptake of biological inputs. In summary, this study identifies the primary risk sources that constrain PGPR adoption and provides a set of targeted, institution-based mitigation strategies derived from a structured risk analysis. The findings provide an evidence-based foundation for strengthening institutional support systems and identify avenues for future research on communication models and institutional interventions to enhance the diffusion of biofertilizers in smallholder farming systems.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aldiansyah, M. R., Kautsar, V., & Mawandha, H. G. (2024). Pemanfaatan limbah blotong dari pabrik gula sebagai pupuk hayati untuk peningkatan produktivitas tanaman padi. Jurnal Pengelolaan Perkebunan, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.54387/jpp.v5i1.52

Arslan, A., Floress, K., Lamanna, C., Lipper, L., & Rosenstock, T. S. (2022). A meta-analysis of the adoption of agricultural technology in Sub-Saharan Africa. PLOS Sustainability and Transformation, 1(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pstr.0000018

Backer, R., Rokem, J. S., Ilangumaran, G., Lamont, J., Praslickova, D., Ricci, E., Subramanian, S., & Smith, D. L. (2018). Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria: Context, mechanisms of action, and roadmap to commercialization of biostimulants for sustainable agriculture. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 1473. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01473

Choliq, F. A., Martosudiro, M., & Jalaweni, S. C. (2020). Aplikasi plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) terhadap infeksi chrysanthemum mild mottle virus (CMMV), pertumbuhan, dan produksi tanaman krisan (Chrysanthemum sp.). Agroradix: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian. https://doi.org/10.52166/agroteknologi.v3i2.1952

Ichwan, B., Rinaldi, R., & Malini, H. (2022). Pengaruh plant growth promoting rhizobacteria alami dan pupuk kandang ayam terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil cabai merah. Jurnal Agroecotania: Publikasi Nasional Ilmu Budidaya Pertanian. https://doi.org/10.22437/agroecotania.v4i2.20436

Istri Dewi, A. A., Iwan Putra, I. P., & Made Dewi, N. L. (2024). Pemberdayaan kelembagaan petani melalui pemasaran digital hasil tani di Subak Sidakarya, Kecamatan Denpasar Selatan, Kota Denpasar, Provinsi Bali. Bernas: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat. https://doi.org/10.31949/jb.v5i3.9668

Kafrawi. (2021). Efikasi variasi konsentrasi PGPR untuk memacu pertumbuhan bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum F.) di berbagai takaran media kompos. Agroplantae: Jurnal Ilmiah Terapan Budidaya dan Pengelolaan Tanaman Pertanian dan Perkebunan. https://doi.org/10.51978/agro.v10i1.230

Kassem, H. S., Alotaibi, B. A., Aldosri, F. O., & Muddassir, M. (2021). Exploring the relationship between information-seeking behavior and adoption of biofertilizers among onion farmers. Agronomy, 11(6), 1258. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061258

Kassie, M., Jaleta, M., Shiferaw, B., Mmbando, F., & Mekuria, M. (2013). Adoption of interrelated sustainable agricultural practices in smallholder systems: Evidence from rural Tanzania. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 80(3), 525–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2012.08.007

Makamane, A., Van Niekerk, J. A., Loki, O., & Mdoda, L. (2023). Determinants of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) technologies adoption by smallholder food crop farmers in Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality, Free State. South African Journal of Agricultural Extension, 51(4), 52–74. https://doi.org/10.17159/2413-3221/2023/v51n4a1645

Mottaleb, K. A., Krupnik, T. J., & Erenstein, O. (2016). Factors associated with small-scale agricultural machinery adoption in Bangladesh: Census findings. Journal of Rural Studies, 46, 155–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2016.06.012

Naihati, Y. F., Taolin, R. I. C. O., & Rusae, A. (2018). Pengaruh takaran dan frekuensi aplikasi PGPR terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman selada (Lactuca sativa L.). Savana Cendana, 3(1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.32938/sc.v3i01.215

Nastis, S. A., Mattas, K., & Baourakis, G. (2019). Understanding farmers’ behavior towards sustainable practices and their perceptions of risk. Sustainability, 11(5), 1303. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11051303

Noviana, G., Ardiani, F., Astuti, Y. T. M., Krisdiarto, A. W., & Rochmiyati, S. M. (2023). Pelatihan pembuatan PGPR untuk pengembangan perkebunan kakao secara berkelanjutan. Jurnal Altifani: Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat. https://doi.org/10.25008/altifani.v3i1.350

Nurjanah, C., Rosmala, A., & Isnaeni, S. (2022). Pengaruh pupuk kandang ayam dan plant growth promoting rhizobacteria terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil, dan kualitas hasil sawi pagoda. Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.29244/jhi.13.2.57-63

Pelealu, J., & Mambu, S. M. (2020). Efektivitas aplikasi pupuk hijau terhadap pertumbuhan terong pada kelompok tani di Desa Sea, Kecamatan Pineleng, Kabupaten Minahasa. Vivabio: Jurnal Pengabdian Multidisiplin. https://doi.org/10.35799/vivabio.2.3.2020.31182

Prokopy, L. S., Floress, K., Arbuckle, J. G., Church, S. P., Eanes, F. R., Gao, Y., Gramig, B. M., Ranjan, P., & Singh, A. S. (2019). Adoption of agricultural conservation practices in the United States: Evidence from 35 years of quantitative literature. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 74(5), 520–534. https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.74.5.520

Puji, A. A. (2024). Supply chain risk mitigation based on the integration of house of risk and MOORA. Teknik Industri, 25(2), 145–160.

Puji, A. A., Mansur, A., & Widodo, I. D. (2019). Analysis of supply chain risk mitigation integrated with fuzzy logic, house of risk, and AHP (case study at CV Multiguna). AIP Conference Proceedings, 030091. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5098266

Puji, A. A., & Yul, F. A. (2021). House of risk model and AHP–TOPSIS untuk pengelolaan risiko rantai pasok darah. Jurnal Teknik Industri: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian dan Karya Ilmiah dalam Bidang Teknik Industri, 7(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.24014/jti.v7i1.11353

Rahmayanti, F. A. (2023). Pengaruh aplikasi plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) dan pupuk kandang kambing untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi bawang merah (Allium cepa L.) varietas Lokananta. Zuriat. https://doi.org/10.24198/zuriat.v34i1.46670

Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). Free Press.

Sacita, A. S., & Firdamayanti, E. (2022). Training pembuatan PGPR (plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) bagi petani dalam mengamankan dan meningkatkan produksi tanaman padi di Desa Bassiang, Kecamatan Ponrang Selatan, Kabupaten Luwu. Abdimas Langkanae. https://doi.org/10.53769/jpm.v2i1.63

Saputra, J., & Stevanus, C. T. (2019). Aplikasi kompos tandan kosong kelapa sawit pada tanaman karet menghasilkan. Warta Perkaretan. https://doi.org/10.22302/ppk.wp.v1i1.587

Sari, D. E., & Sudiarso, S. (2022). Pengaruh aplikasi pupuk kandang sapi dan PGPR (plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) pada pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Produksi Tanaman. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.protan.2022.010.12.07

Sesanti, R. N., Sudrajat, D., Ali, F., & Sari, R. M. (2021). Potensi cuka bambu PT Bukit Asam Pelabuhan Tarahan untuk mengurangi penggunaan pupuk kimia pada budidaya tanaman pakchoy (Brassica rapa L.). Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan. https://doi.org/10.25181/jppt.v21i2.2159

Shah, A., Nazari, M., Antar, M., Msimbira, L. A., Naamala, J., Lyu, D., Rabileh, M., Zajonc, J., & Smith, D. L. (2021). PGPR in agriculture: A sustainable approach to increasing climate change resilience. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 5, 667546. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.667546

Sholihah, S. N. (2023). Outlook bawang merah. Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian, Kementerian Pertanian.

Sitawati, S., Sintawati, M. B., & Fajriani, S. (2022). Efektivitas plant growth promotion rhizobacteria (PGPR) dan pupuk NPK terhadap pertumbuhan dan pembungaan tanaman aster ericoides (Symphyotrichum ericoides). Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.29244/jhi.13.2.64-71

Suryani, D., Pratamasari, R., Suyitno, S., & Maretalinia, M. (2020). Perilaku petani padi dalam penggunaan pestisida di Desa Mandalahurip, Kecamatan Jatiwaras, Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. Window of Health: Jurnal Kesehatan. https://doi.org/10.33096/woh.v3i2.602

Suryanto, A., Sudiarso, S., Permanasari, P. N., Fajarwati, S. K., & Damaiyanti, D. R. (2021). Peran PGPR sebagai bahan ramah lingkungan dalam kegiatan pemberdayaan kelompok tani di Desa Pujon Kidul. JAPI (Jurnal Akses Pengabdian Indonesia). https://doi.org/10.33366/japi.v6i1.2399

Tey, Y. S., Li, E., Bruwer, J., Abdullah, A. M., Brindal, M., Radam, A., & Darham, S. (2017). Factors influencing the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices in developing countries: A review. Environmental Engineering & Management Journal, 16(2).

Thomas, S., Vijay, A., Nair, D. S., Varghese, T., & Mathew, A. (2023). A study on farmers’ awareness and perception towards biofertilizers. Research Administration, 5(2), 2443–2453.

Utami, C. D., Sitawati, S., & Nihayati, E. (2017). Aplikasi plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) sebagai upaya pengurangan pupuk anorganik pada tanaman krisan potong (Chrysanthemum sp.). Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.biotropika.2017.005.03.1

Wulansari, A., Sumarji, S., & Supriyono, S. (2022). Strategi pemasaran produk agens hayati Trichoderma sp. di CV Trubus Mas Lestari Kabupaten Kediri. Manajemen Agribisnis: Jurnal Agribisnis. https://doi.org/10.32503/agribisnis.v22i2.2486

Published

2025-12-29

How to Cite

Galuh, I., Krismiratsih, F., Fibriani, S., Sunaryanti, D. P., & Mutmainah, D. N. (2025). Mitigasi Risiko Penggunaan PGPR pada Usahatani Bawang Merah di Kabupaten Nganjuk Indonesia. JIA (Jurnal Ilmiah Agribisnis) : Jurnal Agribisnis Dan Ilmu Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian, 10(6), 592–602. https://doi.org/10.37149/jia.v10i6.2439

Issue

Vol. 10 No. 6 (2025)

Section

Articles
Digital Object Identifier
https://doi.org/10.37149/jia.v10i6.2439
Copyright & Licensing

Copyright (c) 2025 Irzaq Galuh, Fitri Krismiratsih, Suwinda Fibriani, Dwi Putri Sunaryanti, Dini Nafisatul Mutmainah

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY-SA) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship initial publication in this journal.