International Journal of Agricultural Social Economics and Rural Development (Ijaserd)

Economic Analysis of the Fisheries and Agriculture Sectors in Relation to Tanzania's Economic Development

Jackson Bulili Machibya — Sun, 11 Jan 2026 00:00:00 -1000

The fisheries and agriculture sectors play a pivotal role in Tanzania’s economic development, despite the challenges they face. This paper examines the financial contributions of these sectors, with its novelty lying in a comprehensive analysis of the causal relationships between agriculture and fisheries specific to Tanzania. Using a Vector Autoregression (VAR) approach spanning 1990 to 2021, the study addresses a gap in the existing literature, which often treats these aspects in isolation. The results indicate a statistically significant effect at the 0.05 level, where a one-unit increase in lagged fishing output significantly boosts GDP growth by approximately 1.7% due to enhanced current fishing performance, underscoring the importance of sustainable fishing practices. However, an over-reliance on past high yields can negatively impact GDP, highlighting the risks of overfishing. Conversely, the agriculture sector also makes positive contributions: a one-unit increase in lagged agricultural output is associated with a 0.3% increase in GDP. This result is likewise statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Nevertheless, potential diminishing returns from past yields emphasize the need for innovation and diversification in agricultural practices. Granger causality tests further underscore the interdependencies among the sectors, indicating that improvements in both fishing and agriculture significantly influence GDP growth. These findings suggest that policymakers should prioritize investments in both sectors by increasing funding for agricultural and fisheries research, promoting sustainable modern practices and technology adoption, and providing training for farmers and fishermen to improve productivity, enhance economic resilience, and strengthen food security. Furthermore, this paper contributes to the literature on sustainable economic development in developing countries by providing empirical evidence that highlights the critical role of both sustainable fishing practices and agricultural output in enhancing GDP growth. It reinforces the need for integrated policies that promote environmental sustainability alongside economic performance.

Financial Feasibility and Sensitivity Analysis of Organic Rice Farming Based on the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in Kolaka Regency Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

Samsul Alam Fyka, Britney Cristi — Thu, 22 Jan 2026 00:00:00 -1000

This study evaluates the financial feasibility and sensitivity of organic rice farming under the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. Although previous studies have documented the economic performance of organic and SRI-based rice systems, integrated evidence combining profitability, break-even thresholds, and sensitivity analyses within specific agroecological contexts, particularly in eastern Indonesia, remains limited. This study addresses this gap by providing a context-sensitive financial assessment that emphasizes both efficiency and economic resilience. Farm-level cost income analysis, the Revenue Cost (R/C) ratio, the Break-Even Point (BEP), the Return on Investment (ROI), and sensitivity analysis were applied. The results show that the total production costs of IDR9.681.021 per hectare generated revenues of IDR38.214.300 per hectare, yielding a net income of IDR28.533.279 per hectare. The R/C ratio of 2.94 and ROI of 294.73% indicate strong financial performance; however, these values should be interpreted cautiously as location-specific outcomes rather than generalized benchmarks. BEP analysis reveals that actual production and market prices substantially exceed break-even levels, providing a considerable safety margin. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the farming system remains financially viable under moderate shocks, including price declines or cost increases of up to 20%. This study contributes by highlighting SRI-based organic rice farming as a mechanism for enhancing farm-level economic resilience through cost efficiency. Nevertheless, the single-location case study design limits broader generalization, suggesting the need for multi-region and longitudinal analyses in future research.

Analysis of Marketing Margin and Efficiency to Enhance the Welfare of Argopuro Coffee Farmers in Jember Regency, Indonesia

Dian Galuh Pratita, Apip Gunaldi Dalimunthe, Vivi Annisa — Tue, 27 Jan 2026 00:00:00 -1000

The agricultural sector plays an essential role in the Indonesian economy, particularly in generating foreign exchange, creating employment opportunities, and supplying raw materials for the food and beverage processing industry and the agro-industry. Coffee has long been cultivated by the community of Jember Regency, especially in Pace Village. Argopuro coffee is promoted as a flagship variety and has become an icon of Jember Regency. This study focuses on the specific context of Argopuro coffee in Jember Regency, which has distinct geographical, social, and marketing characteristics compared to other coffee-producing regions. Specifically, this study aims to analyze the marketing margins and marketing efficiency of coffee in the Suka Maju Gapoktan in Pace Village, Jember Regency. This region-based approach enables a more context-specific and applicable analysis of the conditions local farmers face. This study was conducted on 74 coffee farmers who are members of the Suka Maju Farmers Group Association (Gapoktan) located in Pace Village. The importance of coffee as a commodity forms the background of this research. A quantitative research method was applied to calculate marketing margins and marketing efficiency. The study involved coffee farmers within the Suka Maju Gapoktan. The results indicate that the marketing margin is IDR1.000. The marketing channels are considered efficient, with efficiency levels of 8.84% for ground coffee and 7.10% and 7.62% for green coffee beans. This study contributes to improving the efficiency of the coffee marketing system.

The Economic Feasibility Analysis and Risk Asymmetry of Broiler Chicken Business Partnership Pattern in Rimbo Bujang District, Tebo Regency, Indonesia

Fikriman, Johan Saputra, Widuri Susilawati — Thu, 29 Jan 2026 00:00:00 -1000

This study aims to analyze the economic feasibility of a broiler chicken farming business under a partnership model through indicators of production break-even point (BEP), price break-even point (BEP), and revenue to cost ratio (R/C) in two different production periods (2020 and 2021), as well as examining the dynamics of partnerships and business risks faced by farmers and the core company. The study used a descriptive, case-study design on a broiler farm in Perintis Village, Rimbo Bujang District, Tebo Regency. Primary data were collected through observation and in-depth interviews using a structured questionnaire, while secondary data were obtained from the literature and institutional sources. Quantitative analysis was used to calculate costs, revenue, income, BEP, and R/C, while a qualitative study was used to explain the partnership mechanism and sources of business risks. The results indicate that the broiler business under a partnership model is feasible and profitable with R/C values of 1.56 (2020) and 1.35 (2021). The production break-even point (BEP) was significantly below actual Production (2020: 12.645.65 kg vs. 106.530 kg; 2021: 14.654.61 kg vs. 130.276 kg), indicating the business was above the minimum feasibility threshold. Institutionally, the partnership provided farmers with access to capital, technical guidance, and marketing guarantees, while the core company benefited from the inputs and marketing. However, there was a risk asymmetry: farmers predominantly bore production risks, while the core company was exposed to market price fluctuations and input price increases. This finding underscores the importance of regular financial performance evaluation and the structuring of partnership contracts to strengthen the sustainability of small-scale broiler businesses. The findings of this study contribute to the economics of agribusiness and livestock farming.

How Do Environmental Quality, Economic Growth, Population Dynamics, Poverty, Rice Productivity, and Coastal Geography Shape Food Security in Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia?

Lukman Yunus, La Ode Alwi, Munirwan Zani, Samsul Alam Fyka, Yusriadin — Thu, 29 Jan 2026 00:00:00 -1000

Food security remains a critical development challenge, particularly in regions facing complex environmental, socio-economic, and geographical constraints. This study aims to analyze the development of food security and examine the determinants influencing the Food Security Index (IKP) in Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, during the 2018–2023 period. The analysis uses balanced panel data from 17 districts/cities, sourced from official publications of the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The dependent variable is the Food Security Index (IKP). In contrast, the explanatory variables include the Environmental Quality Index (IKLH), economic growth, population growth, poverty rate, rice productivity, and the proportion of coastal villages/subdistricts. Descriptive analysis and panel data regression were employed, with the Random Effect Model (REM) selected as the best estimation approach based on the Lagrange Multiplier test. The results indicate that the average IKP in Southeast Sulawesi increased over the study period, reflecting overall improvement in food security, although substantial disparities across districts persist. Regression results indicate that population growth, poverty, and coastal geographic characteristics have adverse, significant effects on food security, while rice productivity has a positive, significant impact. In contrast, environmental quality and economic growth do not exhibit statistically significant effects on the IKP during the study period. The model explains 27.57% of the variation in regional food security, highlighting the importance of demographic, socio-economic, productivity, and geographical factors. These findings suggest that improving food security in Southeast Sulawesi requires integrated policies that prioritize poverty reduction, population pressure management, enhancement of staple food productivity, and context-specific strategies for coastal areas, supported by inclusive and sustainable development approaches. This study contributes to the multidimensional interaction of factors shaping food security at the regional level.

Evaluation of the Sustainability of the Sheep Farming Assistance Program Pentahelix Based (POAC Managerial Analysis of the Kayadi Gate Program in Darma District Kuningan Regency, Indonesia)

Bili Nur Muhamad, Hasni Arief, Lilis Nurlina — Sat, 07 Feb 2026 00:00:00 -1000

Livestock assistance programs are among the policy instruments widely used in rural poverty alleviation efforts, but their sustainability is often hindered by weak management and poor stakeholder collaboration. This study aims to evaluate the implementation and sustainability of the Gerbang Kaya Program for sheep livestock commodities in Darma District, Kuningan Regency, using the Pentahelix approach and the POAC (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, and Controlling) managerial framework. This study uses a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with key actors involved in the program, including government officials, academics, business leaders, communities, and the media. The results of the study indicate that, in the planning phase, the program has been prepared administratively based on extreme poverty data, but there is still minimal farmer participation, so technical needs and field readiness have not been fully accommodated. In terms of organization, the Pentahelix collaboration is unbalanced; the roles of government and farmers are relatively dominant, while the contributions of academics, business actors, and the media remain limited. This condition affects weak technical support, market access, and information dissemination. In terms of actuation, program implementation showed varying results across recipient groups, influenced by differences in farmers' technical capacity and the intensity of assistance. Meanwhile, the controlling aspect tended to be administrative in nature and was not yet supported by farmer performance or economic indicators. A business sustainability evaluation showed that four out of five farmer groups maintained and developed their sheep farming businesses through population growth and independent reinvestment, while one group experienced total failure due to high livestock mortality. These findings confirm that the sustainability of livestock assistance programs is not solely determined by adherence to POAC managerial principles, but is strongly influenced by the quality of functional, sustainable Pentahelix collaboration. This research contributes to the development of program evaluation studies by emphasizing the importance of analyzing multi-actor collaboration in ensuring the sustainability of community-based livestock empowerment programs.