Buletin Penelitian Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Haluoleo

Livelihood Risk Adaptation Among Local Maize Farmers in Guluk-Guluk Madura Indonesia (A PLS-SEM Approach)

2025-04-09T06:13:51-10:00

Local maize serves as a vital source of both food security and household income across various regions of Indonesia, particularly in Sumenep, Madura. However, efforts to sustain agricultural livelihoods are increasingly challenged by a range of risks. One of the most pressing issues is the growing prevalence of hybrid maize cultivation in Madura, which has adversely affected local farmers who continue to grow traditional maize varieties to meet their subsistence needs. Given these challenges, farmers need to develop and implement strategic responses by leveraging their available livelihood assets in order to mitigate risks and adopt adaptation strategies suited to their specific context. This study aims to develop a risk management and adaptation framework for maize farmers in the Guluk-Guluk area of Madura, taking into account their livelihood assets. The research was conducted in Guluk-Guluk, a location purposively selected based on regional differences in maize productivity. The study took place from October 2023 to March 2024 and involved 51 local maize farmers selected via random sampling with a 1% margin of error. The study assessed several forms of farmers' resources, including labor capacity, material assets, community networks, environmental conditions, and economic means, along with their adjustment practices, such as diversifying activities and modifying planting timelines. Risk variables included technological and natural risks. Data were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The findings indicate that the resources supporting farmers' livelihoods play a meaningful and beneficial role in shaping how corn growers in the area manage risks and adjust their practices. The findings also indicate that the most commonly adopted adaptation strategy is diversification. Technological risk emerged as the most significant risk faced by farmers, while financial capital was found to be the most influential asset in supporting risk response and adaptation efforts.

Farm Laborer Households from a Survival Strategy Perspective (A Case Study in Tempuran Village, Paron Subdistrict, Ngawi, Indonesia)

2025-10-18T01:01:28-10:00

Farm laborer households are economically vulnerable due to limited access to land and unstable incomes. This situation puts most farm laborer households in Tempuran Village under high economic pressure. Tempuran Village is an agricultural area where most residents depend on the agricultural sector, but many of them do not own land and therefore work as seasonal farm laborers with fluctuating incomes. This study aims to analyze the level of poverty experienced and survival strategies employed by farm laborers' households in Tempuran Village. This study was conducted in Tempuran Village, Paron Subdistrict, Ngawi District, using a mixed-methods approach, namely in-depth interviews and poverty line calculations from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) 2025, set at IDR 445,865 per capita per month. Data was obtained from 58 farm laborer households. The results of the study indicate that 76.8% of farm laborer households in Tempuran Village are classified as poor, consisting of 12.1% in the poorest category (n=7), 75.8% in the poor category (n=44), and 12.1% in the vulnerable category (n=7). Their average per capita income is only Rp 323,678 per month, reflecting limited access to economic resources and low capacity to meet basic needs. To survive economic pressures, farm laborer households use three main strategies: active strategies (seeking additional work in both agricultural and non-agricultural sectors), passive strategies (reducing consumption and selling assets), and network strategies (utilizing government social assistance or support from family and the surrounding community). Of the 58 respondents, 62.1% implemented active strategies, 58.6% implemented passive strategies, and 77.6% implemented network strategies. Network strategies were the most dominant Strategy, indicating that most households relied on social support to cover income shortfalls. The findings of this study suggest that village governments and social service institutions should design targeted assistance programs.

Rice Sufficiency Projections in Malang Regency Towards Golden Indonesia 2045

2025-04-01T21:09:19-10:00

For most Indonesians, rice is a staple of their diet. Food supply, particularly from domestic rice production, is correlated with food availability. Stable rice production is one of the determining factors in achieving food self-sufficiency towards the golden Indonesia 2045 and making Indonesia the world's food barn. This investigation aims to assess the adequacy of rice availability in Malang Regency in support of Golden Indonesia 2045. The data sources used were rice production and rice consumption data for 2010–2023, obtained from the Central Statistics Agency of Malang Regency and the Food Security Service of Malang Regency. The analysis methodology used is an ARIMA-Box-Jenkins analysis to project rice production and consumption. The analysis shows that projections of rice production and consumption in Malang Regency have increased each year. The highest rice production projection is in 2045, at 390,655 tons. The average growth of rice production is 1.06%. The highest rice consumption projection is in 2045, at 277,577 tons, with an average annual growth rate of 0.8%. Rice production is higher than rice consumption. Thus, overall, Malang Regency is estimated to produce a rice surplus from 2024 to 2045, averaging 92,812 tons.

Analysis of Demand and Competition for Indonesian Frozen Tilapia Fillet with Major Competitors in the International Market

2025-07-25T02:25:26-10:00

Frozen tilapia fillets are the only farmed fish among Indonesia's leading fishery export commodities. Fierce competition requires Indonesia to maintain its position. This study aims to analyze the demand for and competition with major competitor countries in the international market for Indonesian frozen tilapia fillets. This study employs the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) and estimates it using the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) method. The data source is secondary data obtained from ITC Trade Map with HS code 030461 (Frozen fillets of tilapia "Oreochromis spp."). The analysis is based on panel data with monthly time series from 2014 to 2024. Meanwhile, cross-sectional data uses China, Taiwan, the Netherlands, and the USA as Indonesia's main competitors. The findings indicate that demand for Indonesian frozen tilapia fillets is price-inelastic, meaning it is relatively unresponsive to price changes. Indonesian frozen tilapia fillets are classified as inferior goods with an elasticity value of -0.478. This implies that a rise in consumer income will actually reduce demand. The cross-price elasticity indicates that Indonesia tends to compete with China, Taiwan, the Netherlands, and the USA. This is because the relationship between Indonesian frozen tilapia fillet and competing countries is one of substitution. The findings of this study reveal that Indonesia must focus on strategies to improve product quality and production efficiency in order to strengthen its position in the global market. Exporters need to increase the value of their products through diversification, quality certification, and compliance with international standards in order to survive and compete with rival countries.

Residents' Awareness of Forestry Knowledge and Practices for Flood Mitigation (A Case in South West Nigeria)

2025-07-25T02:24:10-10:00

The combination of environmental degradation and inadequate engineering solutions has exacerbated flooding in Nigeria. Consequently, the study examined residents' awareness of forestry knowledge and practices. A 4-stage random sampling procedure was used, resulting in 250 participants selected via systematic sampling. Data were gathered through a structured questionnaire on residents' demographic characteristics, awareness of environmental practices, and utilization of forestry land-use practices. The analysis of data involved frequencies, percentages, mean values, rankings, and inferential statistics using the Chi-square test. The results showed that 68.0% of respondents were female, with a significant proportion (78.0%) aged 21-50 years. Additionally, 74.0% were married, 40.0% were civil servants, and 22.0% were involved in trading. The residents' knowledge revealed that the prohibition on disposing of refuse into drainage and rivers had a mean score of 1.6 and ranked 1st, while the government's advisories on relocation from flood-prone areas had a mean of 1.1, ranking 2nd in awareness. Chi-square analysis showed significant relationships between tree planting and flood experiences (χ² = 8.18, p = 4×10^-3) and between tree conservation and marital status (χ² = 10.61, p = 0.01). Furthermore, there was a significant association between other demographics, such as marital status (χ²=7.99, p = 0.05) and years of residence (χ²=16.03, p = 3˟10ˉ³), and forestry land use practices (FLUP). Key findings emphasized the critical role of tree planting, conservation, and environmental education in enhancing ecosystem resilience and mitigating climate-related disasters, such as floods, in southwest Nigeria.

Technical Efficiency and Input Utilization in Lowland Rice Farming in Tanjung Lapang Village North Kalimantan Indonesia

2025-03-16T01:30:11-10:00

This research seeks to outline the profile of farmers in Tanjung Lapang Village, determine the factors that shape the technical efficiency of rice farming, and assess the level of technical efficiency in rice cultivation (Oryza sativa L.) within the village in West Malinau District. The study is needed to measure the efficiency of input utilization and to determine the variables that shape productivity outcomes. This study focuses on examining the production factors involved in rice paddy farming and evaluating the technical effectiveness of the cultivation process. The study was conducted in the West Malinau subdistrict from January to February 2024. The method used was probability sampling, with 50 farmers selected as respondents. Information was obtained through interviews, observations, and recorded images, with questionnaires as the main instrument. The dataset was analyzed using descriptive methods, multivariate regression, and a production elasticity approach to determine how each input influences agricultural output. The results indicate that land size and chemical nutrient use are the most decisive factors in shaping rice production. In contrast, the combined contributions of land, seeds, chemical nutrients, Plant protection chemicals, and human resources account for 47.6% of yield variation, with the remainder influenced by external factors such as weather, soil conditions, water availability, and technology adoption. The elasticity value below one reflects diminishing proportional returns, where additional inputs yield increasingly smaller output gains. These findings provide a strategic basis for guiding farmers to optimize resource allocation and adopt targeted interventions, such as balanced chemical fertilization, improved cultivation practices, and better land and pest management, to enhance sustainable productivity.

Determinants of Asean Fishery Trade (A Gravity Model Approach)

2025-03-16T01:33:09-10:00

Indonesia is known as an archipelagic country with vast marine potential. International trade has been a key driver of rapid economic growth. Economic integration among ASEAN countries has brought significant benefits, particularly in the fishery products sector. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the flow of fishery trade among ASEAN countries. The total number of data observations is 100, with the central destination countries including Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, East Timor, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Myanmar, and Laos. The research employs panel data from ASEAN member states covering the period from 2003 to 2022, including variables such as each ASEAN country's GDP, GDP per capita, population, exchange rates, and economic distance. The analysis is conducted using the gravity model approach, with the Random Effects Model (REM) applied to process the data. The findings reveal that the exchange rate has a positive and significant effect on fishery trade flows among ASEAN countries. This suggests that currency fluctuations play a key role in facilitating trade. Conversely, economic distance has a negative and significant effect, indicating that greater geographical and economic gaps between countries hinder the volume of fishery trade. However, other variables, such as GDP, GDP per capita, and population, do not exhibit a statistically significant impact on fishery trade flows. These results underscore the importance of exchange rates and geographical proximity in shaping trade patterns within the ASEAN fishery sector. The study provides empirical evidence that while macroeconomic indicators such as GDP and population size are often considered critical in trade analysis, their influence on fishery trade flows among ASEAN countries is limited. Understanding the role of these factors is essential for evaluating trade dynamics and addressing challenges in regional fishery trade.

Willingness to Pay for Environmental Services in Bendung Lepen Community-Based Agro-Tourism (A Contingent Valuation Approach)

2025-11-17T03:12:19-10:00

Ecosystem service valuation is essential for revealing the real benefits of community-based agro-tourism. It helps communities link environmental sustainability with local economic gains. Hence, this study aims to apply the Contingent Valuation Method, particularly Willingness to Pay (WTP), to capture the local community's views on improving ecosystem services in Bendhung Lepen. A total of 41 residents were used as the sample for this study. Then, we identify the factors that influence WTP. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze these factors. The analysis results show that the average WTP of the local community is IDR 8,414.63 per person. In addition, this study found that levels of education, the number of family members, and knowledge of ecosystem benefits significantly influence the amount of WTP for improving ecosystem services in Bendhung Lepen. The number of family members and education level have a significant adverse effect on WTP, while knowledge has a significant positive effect. The greater the number of family members and the higher the level of community education, the lower the WTP value. On the other hand, communities with higher knowledge of environmental conditions have been shown to have a higher WTP than those without. This finding implies that the local community has not fully supported efforts to improve ecosystem services in the area. Also, it provides insights for developing sustainable funding mechanisms and environmental education strategies in community-based agro-tourism. Institutional support can be provided to educate residents so they can achieve a similar level of environmental knowledge and awareness.

Preliminary Techno-Economic Feasibility of Biodegradable Food Packaging from Luffa Acutangula Peel in Indonesia

2025-07-25T02:44:36-10:00

In recent years, microplastics and nanoplastics have become current challenges due to advancing food safety. Food packaging is one of the materials used in society by food enterprises; meanwhile, the growth rate of citizens is increasing, and the demand for ready-to-eat food may be a considerable issue for producing eco-friendly, biodegradable food packaging. Basically, biodegradable food packaging is developed from natural resources such as agricultural waste. Luffa acutangular fruit is a commodity produced in Asia, including Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to analyze the techno-economic feasibility of biodegradable food packaging from Luffa acutangula fruit peel from engineering, sustainability, and economic perspectives. The method used in this study was to integrate engineering and economic evaluation to assess the feasibility of biodegradable food packaging from Luffa acutangula fruit peel at an industrial scale, to develop a broader, environmentally friendly product manufactured in Indonesia. From an engineering and sustainability perspective, we addressed the technical challenges of food packaging and also demonstrated future sustainability considerations for the circular economy in Indonesia. Besides, from an economic perspective, we analyzed the food packaging's economic feasibility to assess its profitability. Economic feasibility: Return on Investment (ROI) after tax is 94,42%; Payback Period (PBP) after tax is about 1,18 years; Break-Even Point (BEP) is about 52,09%. The BEP value for the chemical plant was in the 40%-60% range. It can support Indonesia's circular economy by reducing agricultural waste, especially fruit waste. For future research recommendations, the study should not rely solely on preliminary techno-economic feasibility assessment results but also on policy implications, life-cycle assessment, and ongoing cost-benefit analysis.

The Role of Food Storage Performance in the SEM-PLS Model (Strengthening Household Food Security in Pajeng Village, Bojonegoro District, Indonesia)

2025-11-28T01:06:50-10:00

Village food security is a strategic issue influenced by social, economic, and environmental dynamics. Pajeng Village, Gondang Subdistrict, Bojonegoro District, faces food security challenges due to declining rice production and shifting agricultural commodity markets. This study aims to develop a food barn management model that can support the food security of farming households. This study offers a new contribution by integrating group activities, institutional, and technical aspects of production into a single adaptive analysis framework and by placing food barn performance as the primary mediating variable. The study uses a quantitative approach involving 68 randomly selected food barn member farmers and is analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results show that group activities, institutional aspects, and technical production have a positive and significant effect on food barn performance but do not directly impact household food security. Conversely, food barn performance proved to be a key mediator, significantly improving the food security of farming families. These findings confirm that strengthening the function and governance of community-based food barns is a determining factor in achieving household food security. In terms of policy, this study recommends the development of adaptive, participatory village food barns that are integrated with local institutions as a sustainable strategy to strengthen rural food security.